RubricOpt: Self-Revision of Semantic Rubrics for Preference Optimization

A model's failures can reveal gaps in the behavioral criteria guiding its training. We introduce RubricOpt, a framework that lets a policy revise these criteria within preference optimization. The policy diagnoses its own rubric-free outputs, retains requirements already covered by the rubric, and edits clauses that leave recurring failures unaddressed. A shared semantic representation connects task demands, preference-data contrasts, and rubric clauses, while a deterministic gate checks evidence references and fixed semantic anchors. The rubric then guides Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) during training, with preference pairs, labels, and the objective held fixed, and is removed at evaluation. Our analysis relates the local effect on rubric-free success to semantic alignment and a residual beyond the measured factors. Experiments on capability and open-ended generation benchmarks show that rubric conditioning can improve outcomes over ordinary DPO, with gains and regressions varying across models and datasets. A matched continuation isolates the contribution of revision from additional training and finds mixed incremental effects for the tested edit, whose feedback overlaps the evaluation set. RubricOpt thus brings the behavioral specification itself into the policy's feedback loop.