CARTA: Self-Supervised Reusable Transaction Embeddings via Heterogeneous Tokenization and Cross-Attention

arXiv:2610.24920 · cs.LG, cs.CL · Submitted 2026-10-17 · Read on arXiv

cs.LG, cs.CL

Submitted: 2026-10-17

Updated: 2026-10-17

Comments: 9 pages, 4 figures. Accepted at ICAIF '26 (7th ACM International Conference on AI in Finance), Milan, Italy, November 14-17, 2026

License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

The gist: Acquiring fraud labels for payment transactions is expensive and inconsistent across tasks, and high-cardinality identifiers such as merchant names make one-hot feature pipelines infeasible at scale.

Terminology

Abstract

Acquiring fraud labels for payment transactions is expensive and inconsistent across tasks, and high-cardinality identifiers such as merchant names make one-hot feature pipelines infeasible at scale. We present CARTA, a self-supervised encoder that learns a compact 16-dim embedding from raw transactions without labels; the frozen embedding is then reused for label-efficient fraud probing and exploratory unsupervised risk stratification without retraining the encoder. CARTA uses type-specific projections with learned embedding tables for high-cardinality identifiers, trained with token excision and InfoNCE contrastive loss. On IEEE-CIS, its linear probe at 1% of labels exceeds a raw-feature probe at 100%; on IBM TabFormer (2M rows), its frozen embedding reaches GBDT AUPRC 0.508, above frequency encoding (0.411) and the merchant-dropping baseline (0.022), though fully-supervised CatBoost is stronger. CARTA is a label-free, reusable representation that complements task-specific supervised models.

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