Degradation Aware V2G Dispatch for Co-Optimization of Parking Facility and Edge Data Center Located in the Airport Campus

This paper studies an airport campus where long stay EV parking, airport buildings, and an AI data center share a single grid connection. The campus pays a commercial electricity tariff that charges for both the energy used and the highest power drawn during peak hours. Parked EVs can send power back to the campus through vehicle to grid (V2G) chargers and lower this peak. This paper proposes a two stage method. In the first stage, a linear program schedules EV charging and discharging to maximize the operator's profit and also sets a fixed daily payment to EV owners. In the second stage, a search chooses the share of energy savings paid to owners. The model guarantees that every owner is paid enough to take part, pays for battery wear so that EVs discharge only when it is worth the wear, and assigns charging ports on a first come, first served basis. In the case study, 400 V2G chargers are added to 1200 existing Level 2 chargers, serving 5000 expected sessions under summer and winter rates. In a summer week, V2G raises operator profit by 4978 compared with smart charging and lowers the high peak demand by 4400 kW (9%). The best contract gives owners 70% of the energy savings and earns 21% more than a fixed payment alone. Doubling the V2G ports to 800 lowers the peak further but reduces profit, because owner payments grow faster than the savings. V2G pays back within 10 years if a bidirectional charger costs less than about 1800 more than a standard one. Compared with a 5 MW/10 MWh stationary battery, V2G cuts more peak demand at 409 of investment per kW instead of 1522 and needs no extra land, while the battery does not pay back within its lifetime.