Numerical estimation of the capture ability of Neptunian mean motion resonances II. Influence of eccentricity and inclination

arXiv:2610.24375 · astro-ph.EP · Submitted 2026-10-17 · Read on arXiv

astro-ph.EP

Submitted: 2026-10-17

Updated: 2026-10-17

Comments: 12 pages, 8 figures

Journal ref: Astronomy & Astrophysics, 2026, Volume 714, id.A108, 12 pp

DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202661981

License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

The gist: Evaluating the ability of Neptunian mean-motion resonances (MMRs) to capture small bodies is an important step in reconstructing the evolutionary history of the early Solar System.

Abstract

Evaluating the ability of Neptunian mean-motion resonances (MMRs) to capture small bodies is an important step in reconstructing the evolutionary history of the early Solar System. Building on a previous planar model, this study extends the investigation of MMR capture during Neptune's migration to the three-dimensional case, systematically analyzing the effects of the small objects' eccentricity, e, and inclination, i. Through numerical simulations with different migration rates, we obtain the distribution of capture probabilities for 12 MMRs on the e-i plane. The results show that increasing i narrows the ``inevitable capture zone'' (strong MMRs and/or slow migration) and raises the lower e threshold for capture (weak MMRs and/or fast migration), while it may also expand the upper e limit for capture. When the resonance order reaches three, the e-i plane further differentiates into several regions, which are closely related to the types of resonant angles. The emerging i-dominated region, along with its inevitable capture zone, makes third-order MMRs the most likely to benefit from higher inclination, as well as the most likely to host mixed-type resonators. Finally, using a hypothetical planetesimal distribution, we calculated the capture probability and efficiency for each MMR, finding that a cold disk favors strong MMRs, whereas a hot disk reduces differences among MMRs and across migration rates. In the future, a better determination of the population associated with different MMRs and different types of objects will help us understand the dynamical excitation state of the primordial disk in the early Solar System.

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