Two quantum spin liquid states coexisting in the kagome antiferromagnet herbertsmithite

Herbertsmithite (ZnCu 3 (OH) 6 Cl 2) is one of the most extensively studied quantum spin liquid (QSL) candidates, yet the precise nature of its ground state remains unresolved. Here, we compare the results of high-resolution inelastic neutron scattering on single crystals of herbertsmithite (Zn x Cu 4-x (OD) 6 Cl 2, x 0.85) with large-scale density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) and dynamical DMRG simulations to benchmark the spin Hamiltonian and uncover fundamental properties of the ground state. The measured spin correlations determine an energy density for the Heisenberg model that closely matches simulations, an essential verification of the Hamiltonian. In parallel, DMRG simulations reveal two nearly degenerate QSL states. Both preserve translational symmetry, but one retains the lattice point-group symmetries whereas the other develops anisotropic spin correlations that break point-group symmetry. These two QSLs have distinct spin structure factors, and, remarkably, close agreement with the neutron spectra is achieved with an admixture of the two states. Our results establish a quantitative correspondence between neutron scattering and simulations, and suggest that herbertsmithite realizes a regime in which two proximate gapped QSL states coexist.