Resonant pair production and flat band melting in a driven Rydberg chain

We study a Rydberg chain subjected to a two-tone periodic drive of the detuning Δ(t) and Rabi frequency Ω(t) at frequencies ω 1 and ω 2=νω 1 respectively with ν in Z. In the strong Rydberg blockade limit, such a system reduces to the PXP model and exhibits exact Floquet flat band. Here we determine, using a time-dependent Schrieffer-Wolff transformation, the domain of validity of such PXP dynamics once the blockade-violating processes are taken into account. We study the melting of such flat bands in the presence of strong, but finite, blockade strength. Using Floquet perturbation theory (FPT), we identify two mechanisms for such melting; the first occurs due to the presence of many-body resonances involving resonant production of nearest-neighbor Rydberg excitation pairs while the second involves virtual processes that access intermediate states with such pairs. Our analytical FPT results match with those obtained using exact diagonalization on a finite chain. We study the dynamics for vac (Fock state with no Rydberg excitation), Z 2, and Z 3 (Fock states with Rydberg excitations on alternate and every third site respectively) initial states. We find that vac shows exceptional stability against resonant pair formation while Z 3 exhibits flat band melting via virtual processes away from the direct resonances. We find oscillatory dynamics with large time period for the Z 2 initial state and the presence of Floquet scars that have large overlap with Z 3 state; these phenomena occur due to processes that are absent in the PXP limit. We propose measurement of nearest neighbor pair correlation functions using Rydberg atom quantum simulator platforms as an accessible experimental probe for these effects.