SN Helios: A Multiply Imaged Type II Supernova Opening Time-Delay Cosmography beyond redshift of 3

arXiv:2609.30440 · astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.CO, astro-ph.HE · Submitted 2026-09-24 · Read on arXiv

astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.CO, astro-ph.HE

Submitted: 2026-09-24

Updated: 2026-09-24

Code: https://github.com/gbrammer/eazy-photoz

Terminology

• Aperture — 8× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Core — 6× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Metallicity — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Aperture Photometry — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Calibration — 2× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Generative AI — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Aperture Correction — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Clustering — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Degeneracy — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Gravitational Lensing — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Little Red Dots — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• The JADES Transient Survey II: Volumetric Supernova Rates out to z~5
• VENUS: an ultra-faint galaxy hosting the metal-poor type II supernova at z=5.13 Witnessing the initial metal enrichment with extremely frequent core-collapse supernovae?
• A spectroscopically confirmed, strongly lensed, metal-poor Type II supernova at z = 5.13
• Follow-up of SN 2025wny III: Spectroscopic Time-delay Measurements of a Strongly Gravitationally Lensed Superluminous Supernova
• VENUS: A Strongly Lensed Clumpy Galaxy at $z\sim11-12$ behind the Galaxy Cluster MACS J0257.1-2325
• VENUS: Two Faint Little Red Dots Separated by $\sim70\,\mathrm{pc}$ Hidden in a Single Lensed Galaxy at $z\sim7$
• A Type Ia Supernova Candidate at z about4.3: A Transient Interloper in the Search for z about14 Galaxies

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• MEGATRON: how the first stars can create an iron metallicity plateau in the smallest dwarf galaxies