The JADES Transient Survey II: Volumetric Supernova Rates out to z 5

The JADES Transient Survey (JTS) identified 83 supernova (SN) candidates in the JADES Deep Field, a about 25 arcmin squared region with deep (about 30 mag) multi-band, multi-epoch JWST/NIRCam coverage. We use this sample to derive the first volumetric core-collapse (CC) SN and Type Ia (SN Ia) rates in the z about 2-5 range. Many of these SNe are photometrically classified from single-epoch photometry (i.e., single spectral energy distributions (SEDs)), so we simulate and classify about 23,000 CC SN and SN Ia mock SEDs over 0.7 at most z at most 5 to quantify single-SED classification accuracy as a function of redshift. We report consistent rates for two samples: (1) the full JTS sample, including single-SED classifications, and (2) the "gold" sample, restricted to sources classified spectroscopically or with multi-epoch light curves. In units of 10-4 CC SNe yr-1 Mpc-3, the full sample CC SN rates are 6.2+2.2-1.7 at 2.06 at most z < 2.78 and 4.1+1.5-1.1 at 2.78 at most z at most 5.06, broadly consistent with the expectations from the galaxy luminosity-based measurements of the cosmic star formation rate density. Our full sample rates tentatively exhibit the predicted decline beyond cosmic noon, providing the first direct observational indication of this behavior. A companion paper, C. Vassallo et al., presents a more detailed comparison. We measure a full sample SN Ia rate of 0.3+0.3-0.2 times 10-4 SNe Ia yr-1 Mpc-3 at 1.92 at most z < 3.60. Future high- z SN surveys with JWST and the Roman Space Telescope will expand these samples and provide more robust constraints on SN rates in the high- z Universe.