JWST observations of SN 2024abup: First Detection of CO in a broad-lined Type Ic Supernova and Constraints on r-process Nucleosynthesis

arXiv:2606.28561 · astro-ph.HE, astro-ph.SR · Submitted 2026-06-26 · Read on arXiv

Manisha Shrestha, Lindsey A. Kwok, David J. Sand, Stan Bartmentloo, Collin Christy, Anders Jerkstrand, K. Azalee Bostroem, Jennifer E. Andrews, Kate D. Alexander, Yize Dong, Carl E. Fields, Emily Hoang, Griffin Hosseinzadeh, Brian Hsu, Daryl Janzen, Saurabh W. Jha, Joel Johansson, Jeniveve Pearson, M. J. Lundquist, Darshana Mehta, Aidan Martas, Maryam Modjaz, Bernhard Müller, Conor L. Ransome, Aravind P. Ravi, Mathieu Renzo, Nicolás Meza Retamal, Bhagya Subrayan, Nathan Smith, Stefano Valenti, Sergiy Vasylyev, Giacomo Ricigliano, Peter J. Brown, Moira Andrews, Joseph Farah, D. Andrew Howell, Curtis McCully, Megan Newsome, Kathryn Wynn, Ryan Chornock, Natalie LeBaro, Raffaella Margutti, Melissa Shahbandeh, Chris Ashall, Peter Hoeflich

astro-ph.HE, astro-ph.SR

Submitted: 2026-06-26

Comments: 23 pages, 13 figures, submitted to ApJL

Code: https://github.com/spacetelescope/jdat

License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

The gist: SN 2024abup is a nearby broad-lined Type Ic supernova (SN Ic-bl) in NGC 0681 at a distance of 23.3 plus or minus 1.6 Mpc.

Terminology

Abstract

SN 2024abup is a nearby broad-lined Type Ic supernova (SN Ic-bl) in NGC 0681 at a distance of 23.3 plus or minus 1.6 Mpc. As energetic explosions of massive stars, SNe Ic-bl are considered a plausible site for rapid-neutron capture nucleosynthesis (r-process) and chemical enrichment from short-lived progenitors. They may also contribute to dust production in the early Universe. We present JWST near- to mid-infrared (NIR+MIR) observations (1-14 micron) of SN Ic-bl 2024abup at +41 days after the V band maximum (+54 days after explosion), the first-ever JWST+MIR observation of a SN Ic-bl along with radio and optical data. Using the spectral synthesis code SUMO, we identify the observed broad IR line features in SN 2024abup and find significant contributions from C, O, Mg, and carbon monoxide (CO) -- the earliest detection of molecules in a core-collapse SN so far. The spectrum shows continuum emission at wavelengths greater than 1.5 micron, which could be explained by dust -- preexisting, newly formed, or a combination-heated by the SN. We do not find compelling evidence for infrared signatures of r-process elements, though our search is hampered by the presence of many broad and blended features from the non-r-process elements. These new observations indicate that SNe Ic-bl could be a contributor to early-universe dust production, and suggest that if r-process elements are produced, revealing their presence from spectra requires very high-quality data and models to disentangle blends.

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