GVPO: Group Variance Policy Optimization for Large Language Model Post-Training

arXiv:2504.19599 · cs.AI, cs.LG · Submitted 2025-04-28 · Read on arXiv

cs.AI, cs.LG

Submitted: 2025-04-28

Updated: 2026-10-16

Comments: Accepted by NeurIPS 2025. Extended version is available as "GVPO++: Group Variance Policy Optimization for LLM Post-Training and On-Policy Distillation" (arxiv.org/abs/2609.21432)

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Group Variance Policy Optimization — 2× in this paper
• Adaptability — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• GRPO — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Theoretical Guarantees — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

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