From What to Which: Decoding Modifier Grounding in Frozen MLLMs

arXiv:2610.12305 · cs.CV · Submitted 2026-10-08 · Read on arXiv

cs.CV

Submitted: 2026-10-08

Updated: 2026-10-08

Terminology

• Grounding — 95× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Optimal Transport — 13× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Ablation — 11× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Calibration — 7× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Visual Grounding — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Generalization — 4× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Abstention — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Optimal Transport (OT) — 3× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Aggregation — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Alignment — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Consistency — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Embeddings — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 2× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Hallucination — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Interpretability — 2× in this paper · explained in 15 episodes
• Tokenization — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• AUC — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Accuracy — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmark — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition — 1× in this paper
• Decode — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Hallucination Detection — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision — 1× in this paper
• Instance Segmentation — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Instruction Tuning — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• OTTER on Referring Instance Segmentation — 1× in this paper
• Redundancy — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Regularization — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Semantic Similarity — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Token Activation Maps — 1× in this paper
• Wasserstein Distance — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes

Sources

• Qwen2.5-VL Technical Report
• Shikra: Unleashing Multimodal LLM's Referential Dialogue Magic
• Microsoft COCO Captions: Data Collection and Evaluation Server
• GPT4RoI: Instruction Tuning Large Language Model on Region-of-Interest

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