Clinician use of language models diverges from how the models are evaluated

arXiv:2610.11069 · cs.CL · Submitted 2026-10-08 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL

Submitted: 2026-10-08

Updated: 2026-10-08

Code: https://github.com/nyuolab/RCQ-Map

Terminology

• Benchmark — 129× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Clinical AI Benchmark Atlas — 7× in this paper
• Verification — 7× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Benchmarking — 5× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Consistency — 5× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Abstention — 4× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Accuracy — 4× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• AUC — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Deferral — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Actionability — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• American Medical Association — 2× in this paper
• Generative AI — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Grounding — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Large Language Model (LLM) — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Calibration — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Clustering — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Digital Twin — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Domain Shift — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• LLM-as-a-Judge — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Ontology — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Robustness — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes

Sources

• Capabilities of GPT-4 on Medical Challenge Problems
• HealthBench: Evaluating Large Language Models Towards Improved Human Health
• Expert Evaluation of Clinical AI Tools on Real Point-of-Care Clinical Queries
• HealthBench Professional: Evaluating Large Language Models on Real Clinician Chats
• Adoption and Use of LLMs at an Academic Medical Center
• Clio: Privacy-Preserving Insights into Real-World AI Use
• Which Economic Tasks are Performed with AI? Evidence from Millions of Claude Conversations
• First, do NOHARM: a medical safety benchmark and randomized study of physician and AI teaming on clinical consultations
• Large Language Models in the Clinic: A Comprehensive Benchmark
• Medmarks: A Comprehensive Open-Source LLM Benchmark Suite for Medical Tasks
• MEDIC: Comprehensive Evaluation of Leading Indicators for LLM Safety and Utility in Clinical Applications
• Clinical Language Understanding Evaluation (CLUE)

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