Counterfactual Auditing of Bias in Open-Source Large Language Models for Clinical Triage

arXiv:2610.01963 · cs.AI, cs.CL, cs.LG · Submitted 2026-10-01 · Read on arXiv

cs.AI, cs.CL, cs.LG

Submitted: 2026-10-01

Updated: 2026-10-01

Terminology

• Adaptation — 6× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Emergency Severity Index — 6× in this paper
• Domain Adaptation — 4× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 4× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Robustness — 3× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Accuracy — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Algorithmic Bias — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 2× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Benchmark — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Clustering — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Failure Modes — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Foundation Model — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Foundation Models — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Hallucination — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Multimodal Reasoning — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• From Promising Capability to Pervasive Bias: Assessing Large Language Models for Emergency Department Triage
• Qwen2.5 Technical Report
• MedGemma Technical Report
• gpt-oss-120b & gpt-oss-20b Model Card
• Domain-Adapted Small Language Models for Reliable Clinical Triage

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