From Given to Gathered Evidence: Agentic Learning for Longitudinal Medical Reasoning

arXiv:2609.39566 · cs.CV · Submitted 2026-09-30 · Read on arXiv

cs.CV

Submitted: 2026-09-30

Updated: 2026-09-30

Terminology

• Accuracy — 39× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• GRPO — 38× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Distillation — 34× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Benchmark — 32× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Self-distillation — 13× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Verification — 13× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Ablation — 12× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Adaptation — 8× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Reinforcement Learning — 8× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Actor — 7× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Alignment — 7× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Fine-Tuning — 6× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Foundation Model — 5× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Grounding — 5× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• On-Policy Distillation — 5× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Trace — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Credit assignment — 4× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Embeddings — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Generalization — 4× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Consistency — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Foundation Models — 3× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Provenance — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Ablation study — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Agentic Reasoning — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmarking — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Core — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Knowledge Distillation — 2× in this paper · explained in 11 episodes
• LLM-as-a-Judge — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Reward Hacking — 2× in this paper · explained in 8 episodes
• Robustness — 2× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Agentic Reinforcement Learning (RL) — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Aggregation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Calibration — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Chain-of-Thought (CoT) — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Degeneracy — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Distribution Matching — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Group Relative Policy Optimization — 1× in this paper
• Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Instruction Tuning — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Large Language Model (LLM) — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Multi-agent Collaboration — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Multimodal Inputs — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Multimodal Reasoning — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• On-policy Self-Distillation (OPSD) — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Pseudo-labels — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• RAG — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning (RL) — 1× in this paper · explained in 25 episodes
• Reward Shaping — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Segmentation Masks — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Self-consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) — 1× in this paper · explained in 8 episodes
• Tokenization — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Two-stage training — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Verifier — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• Qwen3-VL Technical Report
• UKBOB: One Billion MRI Labeled Masks for Generalizable 3D Medical Image Segmentation
• DeepSeek-V4: Towards Highly Efficient Million-Token Context Intelligence
• Evolving Medical Imaging Agents via Experience-driven Self-skill Discovery
• Reinforcement Learning via Self-Distillation
• Ophiuchus: Incentivizing Tool-augmented "Think with Images" for Joint Medical Segmentation, Understanding and Reasoning
• MedAgentBench: A Realistic Virtual EHR Environment to Benchmark Medical LLM Agents
• What Disease does this Patient Have? A Large-scale Open Domain Question Answering Dataset from Medical Exams
• On-policy Distillation with Verifiable Reward
• Teacher-Guided Policy Optimization for On-Policy Reasoning Distillation under Large Policy Divergence
• ClinEnv: An Interactive Multi-Stage Long Horizon EHR Environment for Agents
• Quantifying the Reasoning Abilities of LLMs on Real-world Clinical Cases
• AgentClinic: a multimodal agent benchmark to evaluate AI in simulated clinical environments
• Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms
• MedGemma Technical Report
• MedGemma 1.5 Technical Report
• DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models
• Self-Supervised On-Policy Distillation for Reasoning Language Models
• PBSD: Privileged Bayesian Self-Distillation for Long-Horizon Credit Assignment
• TRACE: Distilling Where It Matters via Token-Routed Self On-Policy Alignment

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