Offline Guidance, Online Reasoning: Reusing LLM Feedback for Small Language Models

arXiv:2609.39346 · cs.CL · Submitted 2026-09-30 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL

Submitted: 2026-09-30

Updated: 2026-09-30

Code: https://github.com/ZBH031/reusable-latent-correction

Terminology

• Steering — 27× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Benchmark — 25× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Accuracy — 13× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Reusable Latent Correction — 12× in this paper
• Distillation — 11× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Activation Steering — 7× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Transformer — 6× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Decode — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Knowledge Distillation — 5× in this paper · explained in 11 episodes
• Error Localization — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 3× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Ablation — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Aggregation — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 2× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Latent Reasoning — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Transferability — 2× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Abstention — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Abstraction — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Activation Addition — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Adaptive Steering — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Chain-of-Thought (CoT) — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Cosine Similarity — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Edge Devices — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Few-Shot Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Inference-Time Steering — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Large Language Model (LLM) — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Latent Space — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Tokenization — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Verification — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Verifier — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems
• Prototype-Based Dynamic Steering for Large Language Models
• Guiding Reasoning in Small Language Models with LLM Assistance
• Efficient Reasoning with Balanced Thinking
• GPT-4 Technical Report
• Qwen2.5-Math Technical Report: Toward Mathematical Expert Model via Self-Improvement
• Qwen3 Technical Report

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