BaLEEN: Biasing with Latent Encoded Entities for Context-Aware ASR

arXiv:2609.36913 · cs.CL, cs.AI · Submitted 2026-09-29 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL, cs.AI

Submitted: 2026-09-29

Updated: 2026-09-29

Terminology

• Hypernetwork — 11× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Adaptation — 10× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Generalization — 4× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Computational overhead — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 3× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Transformer — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Associative Memory — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Embeddings — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Accuracy — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Adam — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Adaptability — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Attention Mechanism — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Benchmark — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Catastrophic Forgetting — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Domain Adaptation — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Frozen model — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Generalizability — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Robustness — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Steering — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• Deep context: end-to-end contextual speech recognition
• Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervision
• End-to-end contextual asr based on posterior distribution adaptation for hybrid ctc/attention system

Related papers

• Exploring Solution Divergence and Its Effect on Large Language Model Problem Solving
• Ishigaki-IDS-Bench: A Benchmark for Generating Information Delivery Specification from BIM Information Requirements
• Subliminal Steering: Stronger Encoding of Hidden Signals
• MedStruct-S: A Benchmark for Key Discovery, Key-Conditioned QA and Semi-Structured Extraction from OCR Clinical Reports
• The End of Transformers? On Challenging Attention and the Rise of Sub-Quadratic Architectures
• Untangling the Mechanisms of Misleading Context in Medical Question Answering