The Canonical Order Problem: When Large Language Models Are Unreliable Knowledge Bases for Multi-Valued Relations

arXiv:2609.36209 · cs.CL · Submitted 2026-09-28 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL

Submitted: 2026-09-28

Updated: 2026-09-28

Terminology

• Transformer — 10× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Knowledge Graph — 8× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Robustness — 4× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Accuracy — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Generalizability — 2× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Knowledge graphs — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Ontology — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• RAG — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Transformer Architecture — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Benchmark — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Core — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• F1 Score — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Few-Shot Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Generative AI — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Graph Construction — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Interpretability — 1× in this paper · explained in 15 episodes
• Knowledge Base Construction — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Multi-agent Collaboration — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Representation Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Text-to-SQL — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Time Series Forecasting — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes

Sources

• A Review on Language Models as Knowledge Bases
• Gemma 3 Technical Report
• The Llama 3 Herd of Models
• Enabling LLM Knowledge Analysis via Extensive Materialization
• Mistral 7B
• gpt-oss-120b & gpt-oss-20b Model Card
• Relational Database Augmented Large Language Model
• Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision
• Calibrate Before Use: Improving Few-Shot Performance of Language Models

Related papers

• Exploring Solution Divergence and Its Effect on Large Language Model Problem Solving
• Ishigaki-IDS-Bench: A Benchmark for Generating Information Delivery Specification from BIM Information Requirements
• Subliminal Steering: Stronger Encoding of Hidden Signals
• MedStruct-S: A Benchmark for Key Discovery, Key-Conditioned QA and Semi-Structured Extraction from OCR Clinical Reports
• The End of Transformers? On Challenging Attention and the Rise of Sub-Quadratic Architectures
• Untangling the Mechanisms of Misleading Context in Medical Question Answering