The Detectability Gap: Hidden Heterogeneity in Hallucination Detection Across Language Models

arXiv:2609.35860 · cs.CL, cs.AI · Submitted 2026-09-25 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL, cs.AI

Submitted: 2026-09-25

Updated: 2026-09-25

Terminology

• Hallucination — 50× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• AUC — 33× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Clustering — 12× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Robustness — 10× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Consistency — 8× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Hallucination Detection — 8× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Diffusion Model — 5× in this paper · explained in 8 episodes
• Diffusion Models — 5× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Semantic Gap — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Embeddings — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Verification — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• AI Literacy — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Abstention — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Trace — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Benchmark — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Cosine Similarity — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing — 1× in this paper
• Information Leakage — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics — 1× in this paper

Sources

• TraceDet: Hallucination Detection from the Decoding Trace of Diffusion Large Language Models
• The Llama 3 Herd of Models
• TDGNet: Hallucination Detection in Diffusion Language Models via Temporal Dynamic Graphs
• SelfCheckGPT: Zero-Resource Black-Box Hallucination Detection for Generative Large Language Models
• Large Language Diffusion Models
• DynHD: Hallucination Detection for Diffusion Large Language Models via Denoising Dynamics Deviation Learning
• Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks
• Qwen2.5 Technical Report
• Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Models
• Dream 7B: Diffusion Large Language Models
• SAC3: Reliable Hallucination Detection in Black-Box Language Models via Semantic-aware Cross-check Consistency

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