Can LLMs Value the Right Evidence? Evidence-Value Misalignment in Dynamic Medical Diagnosis

arXiv:2609.35627 · cs.CL · Submitted 2026-09-28 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL

Submitted: 2026-09-28

Updated: 2026-09-28

Terminology

• Accuracy — 95× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmark — 28× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• AUROC — 13× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Verification — 9× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Benchmarking — 5× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Calibration — 5× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Contrastive Diagnostic Wiki — 5× in this paper
• Evidence-Value Misalignment — 5× in this paper
• Ablation — 4× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Alignment — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Thinking mode — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• World Model — 2× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Abstention — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Aggregation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Domain Shift — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• EMMA — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Frozen model — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Grounding — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Hallucination — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Jensen–Shannon Divergence (JSD) — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Robustness — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes

Sources

• DeepSeek-V4: Towards Highly Efficient Million-Token Context Intelligence
• Benchmarking Multi-turn Medical Diagnosis: Hold, Lure, and Self-Correction
• Quantifying and Mitigating Premature Closure in Frontier LLMs
• MedAction: Towards Active Multi-turn Clinical Diagnostic LLMs
• Language Models (Mostly) Know What They Know
• Kimi K2.5: Visual Agentic Intelligence
• EHRWorld: A Patient-Centric Medical World Model for Long-Horizon Clinical Trajectories
• Qwen3 Technical Report
• Robots That Ask For Help: Uncertainty Alignment for Large Language Model Planners
• AgentClinic: a multimodal agent benchmark to evaluate AI in simulated clinical environments
• ChronoMedicalWorld: A Medical World Model for Learning Patient Trajectories from Longitudinal Care Data

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