Semantic Uncertainty Quantification Needs Factual Equivalence

arXiv:2609.34967 · cs.CL, cs.AI · Submitted 2026-09-28 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL, cs.AI

Submitted: 2026-09-28

Updated: 2026-09-28

Terminology

• AUROC — 48× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Uncertainty Quantification — 16× in this paper · explained in 8 episodes
• Benchmark — 11× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Embeddings — 10× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Clustering — 9× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Hallucination — 9× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Semantic Uncertainty Quantification — 9× in this paper
• Semantic Entropy — 8× in this paper
• Aggregation — 5× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Cluster-Assignment Entropy — 4× in this paper
• Cosine Similarity — 4× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Kernel Language Entropy — 4× in this paper
• Adjacency Matrix — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Hallucination Detection — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• LLM-as-a-Judge — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Natural Language Inference — 3× in this paper
• Trace — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Transformer — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Ablation — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Adam — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Core — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Domain Shift — 2× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Natural Language Inference (NLI) — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Robustness — 2× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Semantic Similarity — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Accuracy — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Alignment — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Computational overhead — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Distribution Shift — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Generalization — 1× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Generative AI — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Generative Model — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Generative Models — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Lexical Diversity — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Pairwise Comparisons — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• SINdex: Semantic INconsistency Index for Hallucination Detection in LLMs
• Phi-4 Technical Report
• Rethinking Uncertainty Estimation in LLMs: A Principled Single-Sequence Measure
• Qwen2.5-VL Technical Report
• Improving Uncertainty Quantification in Large Language Models via Semantic Embeddings
• DeBERTa: Decoding-enhanced BERT with Disentangled Attention
• Improving Semantic Uncertainty Quantification in LVLMs with Semantic Gaussian Processes
• Mistral 7B
• Language Models (Mostly) Know What They Know
• A Survey on Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models
• TokUR: Token-Level Uncertainty Estimation for Large Language Model Reasoning

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