RoPE is Dead, Long Live RoPE: Towards Scalable Data-aware Positional Encodings

arXiv:2609.34556 · cs.CL, cs.LG · Submitted 2026-09-28 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL, cs.LG

Submitted: 2026-09-28

Updated: 2026-10-03

Code: https://github.com/facebookresearch/lingua

Terminology

• Transformer — 27× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Accuracy — 20× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmark — 18× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Perplexity — 15× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Association for Computational Linguistics — 11× in this paper
• International Conference on Learning Representations — 8× in this paper
• Adam — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Embeddings — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Generalization — 5× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Ablation — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Fine-Tuning — 2× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• In International Conference on Machine Learning — 2× in this paper
• Aggregation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmarking — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Causal Reasoning — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Decoupling — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing — 1× in this paper
• Foundation Model — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Foundation Models — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Generative AI — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Mixture of Experts — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Quantization — 1× in this paper · explained in 12 episodes
• Score Function — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Time Series Forecasting — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Transfer Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 10 episodes
• Verifier — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• alpha — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode

Sources

• Remember to Forget: Gated Adaptive Positional Encoding
• Program Synthesis with Large Language Models
• Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code
• Extending Context Window of Large Language Models via Positional Interpolation
• Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challenge
• Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems
• DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report
• Contextual Position Encoding: Learning to Count What's Important
• Mistral 7B
• Mixtral of Experts
• LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models
• Context-aware Rotary Position Embedding
• Auxiliary-Loss-Free Load Balancing Strategy for Mixture-of-Experts

Related papers

• Exploring Solution Divergence and Its Effect on Large Language Model Problem Solving
• Ishigaki-IDS-Bench: A Benchmark for Generating Information Delivery Specification from BIM Information Requirements
• Subliminal Steering: Stronger Encoding of Hidden Signals
• MedStruct-S: A Benchmark for Key Discovery, Key-Conditioned QA and Semi-Structured Extraction from OCR Clinical Reports
• The End of Transformers? On Challenging Attention and the Rise of Sub-Quadratic Architectures
• Untangling the Mechanisms of Misleading Context in Medical Question Answering