Quantitative Measurement of Language Distance among Closely Related Indo-European Languages Using Pretrained Language Models: A Case Study on the North Germanic Branch

arXiv:2609.34152 · cs.CL · Submitted 2026-09-28 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL

Submitted: 2026-09-28

Updated: 2026-09-28

Terminology

Transformer — 8× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
Embeddings — 7× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
Alignment — 5× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
Cosine Similarity — 5× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
Tokenization — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
Calibration — 4× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
Accuracy — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
Core — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
Cross-lingual Transfer — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
Perplexity — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
Transformer Architecture — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
Clustering — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
Consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
Generalizability — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
Representation Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
Robustness — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
Semantic Alignment — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
Vector Representations — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

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