Unknown is not normal: separating language-model extraction from rule-based decision logic for clinical risk scores

arXiv:2609.34112 · cs.CL, cs.AI · Submitted 2026-09-28 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL, cs.AI

Submitted: 2026-09-28

Updated: 2026-09-28

Code: https://github.com/nicoveraz/calcbounds

Terminology

• Accuracy — 27× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmark — 10× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Calibration — 6× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Abstention — 5× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Clinical Quality Language — 2× in this paper
• Benchmarking — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• LLM judge — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes

Sources

• MedCalc-Bench Doesn't Measure What You Think: A Benchmark Audit and the Case for Open-Book Evaluation
• AgentClinic: a multimodal agent benchmark to evaluate AI in simulated clinical environments
• Scalable Stewardship of an LLM-Assisted Clinical Benchmark with Physician Oversight

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