Do System One Decisions Add Up? A Study of Probabilistic Coherence

arXiv:2609.33971 · cs.CL · Submitted 2026-09-27 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL

Submitted: 2026-09-27

Updated: 2026-09-27

Code: https://github.com/samanjoy2/system-one-coherence

Terminology

• Accuracy — 55× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Calibration — 26× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Consistency — 8× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Distillation — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Robustness — 3× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Aggregation — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Ablation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Alignment — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmark — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• F1 Score — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Hierarchical Classification — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Interpretability — 1× in this paper · explained in 15 episodes
• Knowledge Distillation — 1× in this paper · explained in 11 episodes
• Self-consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• MASSIVE: A 1M-Example Multilingual Natural Language Understanding Dataset with 51 Typologically-Diverse Languages
• Partition, Prompt, Aggregate: Statistical Self-Consistency in Language Models
• When Does Knowledge Distillation Hurt? Reliability-Aware Distillation for Low-Resource Language Summarization
• Large Language Models Are Not Robust Multiple Choice Selectors

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