Evidence for an extended Galactic proton component beyond the cosmic-ray knee

arXiv:2609.33364 · astro-ph.HE, astro-ph.GA · Submitted 2026-09-27 · Read on arXiv

astro-ph.HE, astro-ph.GA

Submitted: 2026-09-27

Updated: 2026-09-27

Terminology

• Coherence Length — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Consistency — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Accretion Physics — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Robustness — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Spectral Distortions — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Trace — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• The Origin of Galactic Cosmic Rays
• The origin of galactic cosmic rays
• The origin of Galactic cosmic rays: challenges to the standard paradigm
• Models of the Knee in the Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays
• Kneelike structure in the spectrum of the heavy component of cosmic rays observed with KASCADE-Grande
• PAMELA Measurements of Cosmic-ray Proton and Helium Spectra
• Observation of Spectral Structures in the Flux of Cosmic-Ray Protons from 50 GeV to 60 TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station
• Direct Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Helium Spectrum from 40 GeV to 250 TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station
• Measurement of the cosmic-ray proton spectrum from 40 GeV to 100 TeV with the DAMPE satellite
• Measurement of the cosmic ray helium energy spectrum from 70 GeV to 80 TeV with the DAMPE space mission
• Charge-dependent spectral softenings of primary cosmic-rays below the knee
• Precise Measurement of the Cosmic Ray Helium Spectrum above 0.1 PeV
• Acceleration and transport of relativistic electrons in the jets of the microquasar SS 433
• Ultrahigh-Energy Gamma-ray Emission Associated with Black Hole-Jet Systems
• Cygnus X-3: A variable petaelectronvolt gamma-ray source
• KASCADE measurements of energy spectra for elemental groups of cosmic rays: Results and open problems
• Cosmic Ray Spectrum and Composition from PeV to EeV Using 3 Years of Data From IceTop and IceCube
• Proton-Helium Spectral Anomaly as a Signature of Cosmic Ray Accelerator
• Spectra of Cosmic Ray Protons and Helium Produced in Supernova Remnants
• Imprint of a 2 Myr old source on the cosmic ray anisotropy

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