Counterfactual Self-Evolving Agents for Evidence-Grounded Reasoning

arXiv:2609.32870 · cs.AI, cs.LG · Submitted 2026-09-26 · Read on arXiv

cs.AI, cs.LG

Submitted: 2026-09-26

Updated: 2026-09-26

Terminology

• Accuracy — 61× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Verifier — 38× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• AUROC — 22× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Instruction Tuning — 20× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Verification — 20× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• RAG — 18× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Trace — 14× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Benchmark — 12× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Ablation — 11× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Abstention — 11× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Fine-Tuning — 9× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Reasoning Traces — 7× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• GRPO — 6× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Consistency — 5× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Self-Evolving Agents — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Data Augmentation — 4× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Generalization — 3× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Grounding — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Robustness — 3× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Causal Reasoning — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Formal Verification — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• In International Conference on Learning Representations — 2× in this paper
• Mixture of Experts — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Provenance — 2× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Training-Free Framework — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Adaptation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Agentic Framework — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Aggregation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmarking — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Causal Inference — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Failure Modes — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Foundation Model — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Foundation Models — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Iterative Refinement — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Multi-agent Collaboration — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Quantization — 1× in this paper · explained in 12 episodes
• Redundancy — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) — 1× in this paper · explained in 8 episodes
• Thirty-Fifth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence — 1× in this paper
• Transformer — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Zero-Shot Transfer — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes

Sources

• Quadratic Gating Mixture of Experts: Statistical Insights into Self-Attention
• MILM: Large Language Models for Multimodal Irregular Time Series with Informative Sampling
• GSEM: Graph-based Self-Evolving Memory for Experience Augmented Clinical Reasoning
• On Expert Estimation in Hierarchical Mixture of Experts: Beyond Softmax Gating Functions
• CORAL: Towards Autonomous Multi-Agent Evolution for Open-Ended Discovery
• MedGemma Technical Report
• Qwen2.5 Technical Report
• Improving Clinical Diagnosis with Counterfactual Multi-Agent Reasoning

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