Mandela-Bench: Multimodal Models Remember Canonical Images Instead of Seeing Them

arXiv:2609.32763 · cs.AI · Submitted 2026-09-26 · Read on arXiv

cs.AI

Submitted: 2026-09-26

Updated: 2026-09-26

Terminology

• Verification — 40× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Accuracy — 31× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmark — 22× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Trace — 11× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Calibration — 7× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• AUC — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Grounding — 5× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Hallucination — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Generative Model — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Generative Models — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Knowledge-Grounded Rate — 2× in this paper
• LLM judge — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Robustness — 2× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Actor — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Adam — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Agentic Reasoning — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Cosine Similarity — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Embeddings — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Embodied AI — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• In International Conference on Learning Representations — 1× in this paper
• Provenance — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Steering — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Unified Framework — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes

Sources

• Qwen3-VL Technical Report
• Qwen2.5-VL Technical Report
• SPARED: Reasoning-Based AI-Generated Image Detection via Adversarially Edited Data
• A Template Is All You Meme
• Deepfake-Eval-2024: A Multi-Modal In-the-Wild Benchmark of Deepfakes Circulated in 2024
• Janus-Pro: Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generation with Data and Model Scaling
• MiniCPM-o 4.5: Towards Real-Time Full-Duplex Omni-Modal Interaction
• LookupForensics: A Large-Scale Multi-Task Dataset for Multi-Phase Image-Based Fact Verification
• Emerging Properties in Unified Multimodal Pretraining
• VideoSearcher: Empowering Video Deep Research with Multi-Tool Agentic Reasoning via Reinforcement Learning
• Gemma 3 Technical Report
• Gemma 4 Technical Report
• NTIRE 2026 Challenge on Robust AI-Generated Image Detection in the Wild
• MiRAGeNews: Multimodal Realistic AI-Generated News Detection
• DailyBench: A Unified Benchmark for AI-Generated and Manipulated Images from Modern Generative Models
• Kimi K3: Open Frontier Intelligence
• Navigating the Challenges of AI-Generated Image Detection in the Wild: What Truly Matters?
• Pixels Don't Lie (But Your Detector Might): Bootstrapping MLLM-as-a-Judge for Trustworthy Deepfake Detection and Reasoning Supervision
• FakeBench: Probing Explainable Fake Image Detection via Large Multimodal Models
• Celeb-DF++: A Large-scale Challenging Video DeepFake Benchmark for Generalizable Forensics

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