Learning to Refer: Client-Resolved Generation for Privacy-Aware Language Models

arXiv:2609.32706 · cs.CR, cs.AI · Submitted 2026-09-26 · Read on arXiv

cs.CR, cs.AI

Submitted: 2026-09-26

Updated: 2026-09-26

Terminology

• Benchmark — 18× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Adaptation — 15× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Alignment — 13× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Client-Resolved Generation — 7× in this paper
• Domain Adaptation — 7× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Embeddings — 7× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Core — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 4× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Robustness — 3× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Ablation — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Accuracy — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 2× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Tokenization — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Agent Interactions — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Agentic Evaluation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Agentic System — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Communication Overhead — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Differential Privacy — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Distribution Shift — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• F1 Score — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Generative AI — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Hallucination — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Information Leakage — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Latent Space — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• LoRA Adaptation — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• RAG — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Verification — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• Hide and Seek (HaS): A Lightweight Framework for Prompt Privacy Protection
• AlienLM: Alienization of Language for API-Boundary Privacy in Black-Box LLMs
• Split-and-Denoise: Protect large language model inference with local differential privacy
• FinGPT: Open-Source Financial Large Language Models
• ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Models
• Universal Zero-shot Embedding Inversion

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