CityToolVQA: Tool-Augmented Visual Question Answering for 3D Spatial Cognition in Urban Low-Altitude Environments

arXiv:2609.32427 · cs.CV · Submitted 2026-09-26 · Read on arXiv

cs.CV

Submitted: 2026-09-26

Updated: 2026-09-26

Terminology

• Accuracy — 28× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Grounding — 21× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Ablation — 8× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Adaptation — 6× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmark — 6× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 6× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Depth-Assisted Prompt Inference — 3× in this paper
• Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition — 2× in this paper
• Core — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Point Clouds — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Robustness — 2× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Semantic Understanding — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Ablation study — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Active Exploration — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Alignment — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• CVF International Conference on Computer Vision — 1× in this paper
• Consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Foundation Model — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Foundation Models — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Generalization — 1× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• In International Conference on Learning Representations — 1× in this paper
• Multimodal Reasoning — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Segmentation Masks — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Thinking mode — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Trace — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• Qwen3-VL Technical Report
• S-Agent: Spatial Tool-Use Elicits Reasoning for Spatial Intelligence
• Kimi-VL Technical Report
• MASER: Modality-Adaptive Specialist Routing for Embodied 3D Spatial Intelligence
• InternVL3.5: Advancing Open-Source Multimodal Models in Versatility, Reasoning, and Efficiency
• DM-KG: A Novel Method for Boosting Spatial Cognition of Vision-Language Models in Street View Imagery
• MM-REACT: Prompting ChatGPT for Multimodal Reasoning and Action
• Open3D-VQA: A Benchmark for Comprehensive Spatial Reasoning with Multimodal Large Language Model in Open Space

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