FTB Graph: Determining and Validating First-token Broadcasters and Language-Identity Head Circuits in Multilingual Language Models

arXiv:2609.30954 · cs.AI · Submitted 2026-09-25 · Read on arXiv

cs.AI

Submitted: 2026-09-25

Updated: 2026-09-25

Terminology

• Verification — 13× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Activation Patching — 11× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Ablation — 8× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Edge Attribution Patching — 7× in this paper
• Transformer — 7× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Instruction Tuning — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Pruning — 5× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Interpretability — 4× in this paper · explained in 15 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 3× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Accuracy — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Alignment — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Fidelity — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Language Identity Head Attribution — 2× in this paper
• Computational Tractability — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Core — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Explainability — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Resource Constraints — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Sparsity — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Steering — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Tokenization — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• How Do Multilingual Language Models Remember Facts?
• How to use and interpret activation patching

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