From annotation to reasoning: Culture in language models

arXiv:2609.30897 · cs.CL · Submitted 2026-09-25 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL

Submitted: 2026-09-25

Updated: 2026-09-25

Terminology

• Benchmark — 9× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Commentary — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Alignment — 4× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Accuracy — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Adaptation — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Robustness — 2× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Accountability — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Aggregation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmarking — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Chain-of-Thought Prompting — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Trace — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Vision-language models — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• Can LLMs Reason in a Legally Meaningful Manner? A Small-scale Study on European Court of Human Rights Cases
• What's the Meaning of Superhuman Performance in Today's NLU?
• Evaluation of Cultural Competence of Vision-Language Models

Related papers

• Exploring Solution Divergence and Its Effect on Large Language Model Problem Solving
• Ishigaki-IDS-Bench: A Benchmark for Generating Information Delivery Specification from BIM Information Requirements
• Subliminal Steering: Stronger Encoding of Hidden Signals
• MedStruct-S: A Benchmark for Key Discovery, Key-Conditioned QA and Semi-Structured Extraction from OCR Clinical Reports
• The End of Transformers? On Challenging Attention and the Rise of Sub-Quadratic Architectures
• Untangling the Mechanisms of Misleading Context in Medical Question Answering