Words Speak Louder Than Order: A Behavioral Evaluation of Gemma 4

arXiv:2609.30716 · cs.CL, cs.AI · Submitted 2026-09-25 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL, cs.AI

Submitted: 2026-09-25

Updated: 2026-09-25

Code: https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/devrel-demos

Terminology

• Positional Bias — 13× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Activation Patching — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Provenance — 3× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• RAG — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Retrieval-Augmented Generation — 2× in this paper
• Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) — 2× in this paper · explained in 16 episodes
• Robustness — 2× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Systematic Bias — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Transformer — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Accuracy — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Actor — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Benchmarking — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Core — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Fidelity — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Generalization — 1× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Interpretability — 1× in this paper · explained in 15 episodes
• LLM-as-a-Judge — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Trace — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• Lost in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long Contexts
• Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arena
• Quantifying Language Models' Sensitivity to Spurious Features in Prompt Design or: How I learned to start worrying about prompt formatting
• What Evidence Do Language Models Find Convincing?

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