Return or Revise? Learning When Revision Helps Retrieval-Augmented QA

arXiv:2609.30087 · cs.CL, cs.IR, cs.LG · Submitted 2026-09-24 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL, cs.IR, cs.LG

Submitted: 2026-09-24

Updated: 2026-09-24

Code: https://github.com/openai/gpt-oss

Terminology

• RAG — 68× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Accuracy — 67× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Ablation — 5× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Adaptation — 4× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Deferral — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Transformer — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Abstention — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Alignment — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Dense Passage Retrieval — 2× in this paper
• Hallucination — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Robustness — 2× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Adam — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Analyzer — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmark — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Calibration — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Domain Adaptation — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Domain Shift — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Failure Modes — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Hallucination Mitigation — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• LLM-as-a-Judge — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Perplexity — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) — 1× in this paper · explained in 16 episodes
• Tokenization — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Trace — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• MS MARCO: A Human Generated MAchine Reading COmprehension Dataset
• The Llama 3 Herd of Models
• Is Escalation Worth It? On the Depth of LLM Cascades
• CounterRefine: Answer-Conditioned Counterevidence Retrieval for Inference-Time Knowledge Repair in Factual Question Answering
• Language Models (Mostly) Know What They Know
• RASER: Recoverability-Aware Selective Escalation Router for Multi-Hop Question Answering
• Self-Correction as Feedback Control: Error Dynamics, Stability Thresholds, and Prompt Interventions in LLMs
• Signed Rescue Routing: Harm-Aware Cascades for Efficient LLM Inference
• gpt-oss-120b & gpt-oss-20b Model Card
• Olmo 3
• Trust or Abstain? A Self-Aware RAG Approach

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