Where LLM Graders Succeed and Break: Evidence from Two Computer-Science Exams

arXiv:2609.29333 · cs.CL, cs.AI, cs.CY · Submitted 2026-09-24 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL, cs.AI, cs.CY

Submitted: 2026-09-24

Updated: 2026-09-24

Code: https://github.com/KAUST-Academy/where-llm-graders-succeed-and-break

Terminology

• Fine-Tuning — 21× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Ablation — 13× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Calibration — 13× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Robustness — 9× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Generative AI — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Arbiter — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmark — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Distillation — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Accuracy — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmarking — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Computer Vision — 2× in this paper
• Failure Modes — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• LoRA Fine-Tuning — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Machine Learning — 2× in this paper
• Scaffolding — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Transfer Learning — 2× in this paper · explained in 10 episodes
• Adaptation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Alignment — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Core — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Decode — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Error Decomposition — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Foundation Model — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Foundation Models — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Generative Model — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Generative Models — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• King Abdullah University of Science and Technology — 1× in this paper
• LLM-as-a-Judge — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Thinking mode — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Trace — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• Instruction-Following Evaluation for Large Language Models
• Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities
• Qwen2.5-Coder Technical Report
• Qwen3 Technical Report
• The Llama 3 Herd of Models
• Gemma 4 Technical Report
• Qwen2.5 Technical Report
• ChatGLM: A Family of Large Language Models from GLM-130B to GLM-4 All Tools
• GLM-4.5: Agentic, Reasoning, and Coding (ARC) Foundation Models
• Gemma 3 Technical Report
• DeepSeek-Coder-V2: Breaking the Barrier of Closed-Source Models in Code Intelligence

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