Persuaded, Not Informed: Incentive-Misaligned Witnesses Defeat In-Context Grounding

arXiv:2609.28854 · cs.CL, cs.AI · Submitted 2026-09-23 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL, cs.AI

Submitted: 2026-09-23

Updated: 2026-09-23

Terminology

• Benchmark — 14× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Accuracy — 13× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Generalization — 6× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Sycophancy — 5× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Grounding — 4× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Hallucination — 2× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Trace — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Transformer — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• AI Agents — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Abstention — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Agent Memory — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmarking — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Calibration — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Chain-of-Thought Prompting — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Data Provenance — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Provenance — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Systematic Bias — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Text-to-SQL — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Verifier — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

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• ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Models
• Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks
• Towards Understanding Sycophancy in Language Models
• Discovering Language Model Behaviors with Model-Written Evaluations
• Simple synthetic data reduces sycophancy in large language models
• PAL: Program-aided Language Models
• Chain of Code: Reasoning with a Language Model-Augmented Code Emulator
• Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Tools
• $\tau$-bench: A Benchmark for Tool-Agent-User Interaction in Real-World Domains
• WorkArena: How Capable Are Web Agents at Solving Common Knowledge Work Tasks?
• AppWorld: A Controllable World of Apps and People for Benchmarking Interactive Coding Agents
• Adaptive Chameleon or Stubborn Sloth: Revealing the Behavior of Large Language Models in Knowledge Conflicts
• On the Risk of Misinformation Pollution with Large Language Models
• Not what you've signed up for: Compromising Real-World LLM-Integrated Applications with Indirect Prompt Injection
• Kimi K2: Open Agentic Intelligence
• Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models
• An Empirical Study of the Non-determinism of ChatGPT in Code Generation
• SQuAD: 100,000+ Questions for Machine Comprehension of Text
• Lost in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long Contexts

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