StudentBench: AI and human tutoring yield equivalent GRE learning gains

arXiv:2609.28470 · cs.AI, cs.CY · Submitted 2026-09-23 · Read on arXiv

cs.AI, cs.CY

Submitted: 2026-09-23

Updated: 2026-09-23

Code: https://github.com/handshake-ai-research/studentbench

Terminology

• Scaffolding — 13× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Benchmark — 8× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Accuracy — 6× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Alignment — 4× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Active Learning — 3× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Calibration — 2× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Clustering — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Generative AI — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Frustration — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Graduate Record Examination — 1× in this paper
• LLM judge — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Latent Reasoning — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Pairwise Comparisons — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Procedural Knowledge — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Reward Hacking — 1× in this paper · explained in 8 episodes
• Trace — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• Concrete Problems in AI Safety
• Experimental Evidence on the Learning Impact of Generative AI
• The Price of Progress: Price Performance and the Future of AI
• AI tutoring can safely and effectively support students: An exploratory RCT in UK classrooms
• INSIDE the Student's Mind: Jointly Modeling Latent Reasoning and Action in LLM Student Simulators
• TutorBench: A Benchmark To Assess Tutoring Capabilities Of Large Language Models
• Tutor CoPilot: A Human-AI Approach for Scaling Real-Time Expertise
• Hyperagents

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