Spoken Language Models that Think Aloud

arXiv:2609.26488 · cs.CL, cs.SD, eess.AS · Submitted 2026-09-22 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL, cs.SD, eess.AS

Submitted: 2026-09-22

Updated: 2026-09-22

Comments: Accepted at SLT 2026

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Accuracy — 13× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmark — 12× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Adam — 6× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Chain-of-Thought (CoT) — 4× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Computational overhead — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning — 4× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Alignment — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Chain-of-Thought (CoT) Reasoning — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Consistency — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Core — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Decoupling — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Trace — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• While Chain-of-Thought — 2× in this paper
• Ablation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Alternation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmarking — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Chain-of-Thought Prompting — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Embeddings — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Flow Matching — 1× in this paper · explained in 8 episodes
• Flow Matching Model — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Foundation Model — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Multi-hop Reasoning — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Reasoning Traces — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Unified Framework — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes

Sources

• MinMo: A Multimodal Large Language Model for Seamless Voice Interaction
• STITCH: Simultaneous Thinking and Talking with Chunked Reasoning for Spoken Language Models
• Qwen2-Audio Technical Report
• Moshi: a speech-text foundation model for real-time dialogue
• Kimi-Audio Technical Report
• CosyVoice 2: Scalable Streaming Speech Synthesis with Large Language Models
• LLaMA-Omni: Seamless Speech Interaction with Large Language Models
• LLaMA-Omni2: LLM-based Real-time Spoken Chatbot with Autoregressive Streaming Speech Synthesis
• LUCY: Linguistic Understanding and Control Yielding Early Stage of Her
• DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning
• GPT-4o System Card
• OpenAI o1 System Card
• TriviaQA: A Large Scale Distantly Supervised Challenge Dataset for Reading Comprehension
• Reinforcement Learning Outperforms Supervised Fine-Tuning: A Case Study on Audio Question Answering
• Baichuan-Audio: A Unified Framework for End-to-End Speech Interaction
• VITA-Audio: Fast Interleaved Cross-Modal Token Generation for Efficient Large Speech-Language Model
• Can Speech LLMs Think while Listening?
• Freeze-Omni: A Smart and Low Latency Speech-to-speech Dialogue Model with Frozen LLM
• Towards Spoken Mathematical Reasoning: Benchmarking Speech-based Models over Multi-faceted Math Problems
• SARI: Structured Audio Reasoning via Curriculum-Guided Reinforcement Learning

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