Exploring the influence of reionisation-era galaxies on their local intergalactic medium using the Sherwood-Relics simulations

Recent surveys have detected excess flux in the Lyman- α forest of quasar spectra several Mpc from high-redshift line-emitting galaxies, indicating a correlation between intergalactic medium (IGM) transmission and reionisation-era galaxies. We examine the galaxy-IGM connection using the Sherwood-Relics simulation suite, a set of hybrid radiation-hydrodynamic simulations that model the IGM at high redshift. We simulate the Lyman- α forest and a population of mock [OIII] emitters using the survey specifications of JWST's ASPIRE programme. We measure the evolution of the effective optical depth in regions close to galaxies, and contrast this with a control sample probing the random IGM. We characterise the changing physical properties of the IGM to explain the observed sightline-to-sightline scatter in opacity between 5.4 < z < 6.2. We find that the IGM is more opaque than average at small radii (r at most 5 cMpc/ h) close to galaxies, as these regions are overdense. At larger radii (15 < r at most 50 cMpc/ h), the IGM is more ionised than average, due to the higher photoionisation rate near galaxies. We find qualitative agreement with the observational results from ASPIRE, though we see large realisation-to-realisation scatter driven by cosmic variance, as also seen in theoretical explorations of the galaxy-Ly α transmission cross-correlation function. Our results generally agree with observations claiming that there is a large-scale ionisation bias around [OIII] emitters, supporting the idea that their role is significant in shaping the properties of the IGM during reionisation.