Einstein Probe discovery of the magnetar EP J223759.5+531421
astro-ph.HE
Submitted: 2026-09-22
Updated: 2026-09-22
Comments: 15 pages, 10 figures, 6 tables, submitted to A&A
Code: https://github.com/v-morello/clfd
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The gist: We report the discovery and early outburst evolution of the new Galactic magnetar EP J223759.5+531421, detected by the Einstein Probe Wide-field X-ray Telescope on 2026 June 28.
Terminology
Abstract
We report the discovery and early outburst evolution of the new Galactic magnetar EP J223759.5+531421, detected by the Einstein Probe Wide-field X-ray Telescope on 2026 June 28. Follow-up observations with Einstein Probe, XMM--Newton, NuSTAR, SVOM, and IXPE revealed coherent X-ray pulsations at P 6s and an average period derivative of Pdot 2.8x10-12 s/s. These values imply a nominal polar dipolar magnetic field of B dip 2.6x10 14 Gauss and a characteristic age of tau c 34 kyr, although the structured timing residuals suggest possible torque variability. The rms pulsed fraction is approximately 20-25% below 7 keV and decreases at higher energies. The broadband spectra require multiple thermal components and a hard power-law tail. Adopting a distance of 3.3 kpc, the 0.5-30 keV luminosity declined from 1.2x10 35 to 5.7x10 34 erg/s during the first month, accompanied by a decrease in the inferred thermal-emitting areas. At this distance, the Galactic latitude b=-4.56 deg corresponds to a height of approximately 0.26 kpc below the Galactic plane, which is difficult to reconcile with the nominal characteristic age under a simple midplane-birth scenario even for an extreme proper motion velocity. Short X-ray bursts independently confirm the magnetar nature of the source. No near-infrared or radio counterpart were detected by GTC, Medicina or FAST, respectively, down to K s>21 mag and S 1.25 GHz <2.3 microJy. These observations demonstrate the potential of the Einstein Probe WXT monitoring to uncover previously quiescent Galactic magnetars and follow their outbursts from their earliest observed stages.
Sources
- In-flight calibration of the Wide-field X-ray Telescope on board the Einstein Probe
- The SVOM mission, its profile and its system
- The Microchannel X-ray Telescope on board the SVOM mission: in-flight scientific performance
- The data analysis pipeline for the Microchannel X-ray Telescope on board the SVOM mission
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