Einstein Probe discovery of the magnetar EP J223759.5+531421

arXiv:2609.25990 · astro-ph.HE · Submitted 2026-09-22 · Read on arXiv

astro-ph.HE

Submitted: 2026-09-22

Updated: 2026-09-22

Comments: 15 pages, 10 figures, 6 tables, submitted to A&A

Code: https://github.com/v-morello/clfd

License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

The gist: We report the discovery and early outburst evolution of the new Galactic magnetar EP J223759.5+531421, detected by the Einstein Probe Wide-field X-ray Telescope on 2026 June 28.

Terminology

Abstract

We report the discovery and early outburst evolution of the new Galactic magnetar EP J223759.5+531421, detected by the Einstein Probe Wide-field X-ray Telescope on 2026 June 28. Follow-up observations with Einstein Probe, XMM--Newton, NuSTAR, SVOM, and IXPE revealed coherent X-ray pulsations at P 6s and an average period derivative of Pdot 2.8x10-12 s/s. These values imply a nominal polar dipolar magnetic field of B dip 2.6x10 14 Gauss and a characteristic age of tau c 34 kyr, although the structured timing residuals suggest possible torque variability. The rms pulsed fraction is approximately 20-25% below 7 keV and decreases at higher energies. The broadband spectra require multiple thermal components and a hard power-law tail. Adopting a distance of 3.3 kpc, the 0.5-30 keV luminosity declined from 1.2x10 35 to 5.7x10 34 erg/s during the first month, accompanied by a decrease in the inferred thermal-emitting areas. At this distance, the Galactic latitude b=-4.56 deg corresponds to a height of approximately 0.26 kpc below the Galactic plane, which is difficult to reconcile with the nominal characteristic age under a simple midplane-birth scenario even for an extreme proper motion velocity. Short X-ray bursts independently confirm the magnetar nature of the source. No near-infrared or radio counterpart were detected by GTC, Medicina or FAST, respectively, down to K s>21 mag and S 1.25 GHz <2.3 microJy. These observations demonstrate the potential of the Einstein Probe WXT monitoring to uncover previously quiescent Galactic magnetars and follow their outbursts from their earliest observed stages.

Sources

Related papers