Massive stars in the SDSS-V survey: New O2 stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud

arXiv:2609.25464 · astro-ph.SR · Submitted 2026-09-21 · Read on arXiv

astro-ph.SR

Submitted: 2026-09-21

Updated: 2026-09-21

Comments: Letter to the A&A Editor - Accepted for publication - 4 pages, 2 figures

License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

The gist: O2 stars define the hottest end of the normal O-star sequence, but their identification requires blue-optical nitrogen diagnostics absent from many surveys.

Terminology

Abstract

O2 stars define the hottest end of the normal O-star sequence, but their identification requires blue-optical nitrogen diagnostics absent from many surveys. We reassess three luminous Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) sources with multi-epoch Sloan Digital Sky Survey V (SDSS-V) spectroscopy obtained with the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) spectrographs:,, and. We measure visit-resolved radial velocities and H, He, and N equivalent widths (EWs), compare robust combinations with LMC O2 templates at a common effective resolution, and use OSTAR2002 spectral energy distribution (SED) fits and a Gaia colour--magnitude diagram (CMD) as broad-band checks. The weighted EW (lambda4058)/ EW (lambda4640) values are 0.64 plus or minus0.29, 0.48 plus or minus0.23, and 0.34 plus or minus0.44 for,, and. The detection of λ lambda4604,4620 supports the O2 If and O2 V--III classifications adopted for and, respectively. For, the uncertain / ratio and non-detection of motivate O2--3 V--III. Weak lambda4471 may indicate unresolved later-type contamination in and. The radial velocities of show suggestive but non-significant variability. OSTAR2002 fits over 45--55 kK and the Gaia CMD place all three sources in the luminous very-early-O regime; shows a strong mid-infrared (MIR) excess, is nearly photospheric, and shows only a modest 3 -- 8,μ m excess. The BOSS spectra add and to the LMC very-early-O population and identify as an additional O2--3 source. These cases show how incomplete blue coverage and ambiguous catalogue associations can conceal the hottest massive stars.

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