How Many Pixels Is a Digit Worth? Place-Aware Coordinate Entropy for GUI Agent Confidence Estimation

arXiv:2609.24277 · cs.AI · Submitted 2026-09-21 · Read on arXiv

cs.AI

Submitted: 2026-09-21

Updated: 2026-09-21

Comments: Accepted to EMNLP 2026 (Main Conference)

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• AUROC — 41× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Accuracy — 22× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Abstention — 14× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Grounding — 14× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Benchmark — 11× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Calibration — 8× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Place-Aware Coordinate Entropy — 8× in this paper
• Decode — 7× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Aggregation — 5× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Trace — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Benchmarking — 2× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Consistency — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Self-consistency — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Tokenization — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Distribution Shift — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Hallucination — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Iterative Refinement — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Reasoning Traces — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Regularization — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Test-time Scaling — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Uncertainty Quantification — 1× in this paper · explained in 8 episodes
• Visual Grounding — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• Language Models (Mostly) Know What They Know
• UI-TARS: Pioneering Automated GUI Interaction with Native Agents
• Towards Trustworthy GUI Agents: A Survey
• Scaling LLM Test-Time Compute Optimally can be More Effective than Scaling Model Parameters
• SafeGround: Know When to Trust GUI Grounding Models via Uncertainty Calibration
• OS-ATLAS: A Foundation Action Model for Generalist GUI Agents
• EvoCUA: Evolving Computer Use Agents via Learning from Scalable Synthetic Experience
• Agentic Uncertainty Quantification
• Agentic Confidence Calibration
• Enhancing Trustworthy GUI Grounding via Self-Critiqued Reinforcement Learning
• MAI-UI Technical Report: Real-World Centric Foundation GUI Agents

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