Some Dialects Are More Equal Than Others: Non-Prestigious Arabic Dialectal Bias in LLMs

arXiv:2609.23955 · cs.CL · Submitted 2026-09-21 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL

Submitted: 2026-09-21

Updated: 2026-09-21

Code: https://github.com/maimm2/EA_Dialectal_Bias

License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

The gist: Previous work on Egyptian Arabic in NLP has focused largely on the prestigious Cairene Egyptian Arabic (CEA) dialect, resulting in a lack of representation for the less prestigious Sa'idi Egyptian

Terminology

Abstract

Previous work on Egyptian Arabic in NLP has focused largely on the prestigious Cairene Egyptian Arabic (CEA) dialect, resulting in a lack of representation for the less prestigious Sa'idi Egyptian Arabic (SEA) dialect both in LLM and resource development. Does this lack of representation influence an LLM's view of the acceptability of SEA (upstream), and does an upstream bias against SEA lead to worse performance (downstream)? We investigate the upstream effect of SEA dialectal features on LLM preferences in a Targeted Syntactic Evaluation (TSE) task which reveals a significant bias against SEA across multiple LLMs. We then analyze the effect of these same features on downstream model performance on MMLU benchmarks and show that models experience a degradation in performance when presented with SEA. This work highlights the need for further exploration on how sub-dialectal variation impacts language technologies.

Sources

Related papers