Recursive Reasoning or Statistical Extrapolation? In-Context Learning in Multi-Agent Interdependent Decision-Making

arXiv:2609.18591 · cs.AI, econ.GN, q-fin.EC · Submitted 2026-09-16 · Read on arXiv

cs.AI, econ.GN, q-fin.EC

Submitted: 2026-09-16

Updated: 2026-09-16

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Benchmark — 13× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• In-Context Learning — 13× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Consistency — 5× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Core — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Transformer — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Cooperation — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Bayesian Inference — 3× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• International Conference on Learning Representations — 3× in this paper
• Robustness — 3× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Aggregation — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• In-Context Learning (ICL) — 2× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Large Language Model (LLM) — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Systematic Bias — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Ablation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Ablation Studies — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Accuracy — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Alignment — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Chain-of-Thought Prompting — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Credit assignment — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Downstream Tasks — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Generalization — 1× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Meta-learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Multi-Agent System — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Trace — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Transferability — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Transformer Models — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• Understanding LLM Agent Behaviours via Game Theory: Strategy Recognition, Biases and Multi-Agent Dynamics
• In-Context Learning Is Provably Bayesian Inference: A Generalization Theory for Meta-Learning
• Corrupted by Reasoning: Reasoning Language Models Become Free-Riders in Public Goods Games

Related papers

• MAVEN-T: Reinforced Heterogeneous Distillation for Real-Time Multi-Agent Trajectory Prediction
• Model Discovery Agent: LLM-assisted Bayesian experiment design for data-efficient discovery of mechanistic world models
• The Clinician's Veto: Navigating Trust, Liability, and Uncertainty in Autonomous AI Prescribing
• MindHelper: Closed-Loop Embodied Mental-State Reasoning for Precision Intervention
• Incumbent Advantage: Brand Bias and Cognitive Manipulation Dynamics in LLM Recommendation Systems
• VSAL: A Vision Solver with Adaptive Layouts for Graph Property Detection