Robot Visions: Breaking reCAPTCHA at Zero Cost and Zero Shot

arXiv:2609.18518 · cs.CR · Submitted 2026-09-16 · Read on arXiv

cs.CR

Submitted: 2026-09-16

Updated: 2026-09-16

Comments: Accepted for publication in the Proceedings of the 29th Information Security Conference (ISC 2026)

Code: https://github.com/ssivakorn/reCAPTCHA-study

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Accuracy — 44× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Verification — 8× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 5× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Vision-language models — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Agentic AI — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Vision-Language Models (VLMs) — 3× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Agentic AI systems — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Transformer — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• AI Agents — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Benchmarking — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Calibration — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Cosine Similarity — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Embeddings — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Failure Modes — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Fingerprinting — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Foundation Model — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Foundation Models — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Hybrid Approach — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Instruction Tuning — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Segmentation Masks — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Trace — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Vision Transformer (ViT) — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code
• InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Tasks
• LLM Agents can Autonomously Exploit One-day Vulnerabilities
• Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision

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