M-SQE: Multilingual Skill Quality Estimation for Enhancing Language Equality in Agentic Skill Use

arXiv:2609.18445 · cs.CL · Submitted 2026-09-16 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL

Submitted: 2026-09-16

Updated: 2026-09-16

Comments: 17 pages, 6 figures

Code: https://github.com/lunyiliu/M-SQE

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Agent Skills — 13× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmark — 8× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Robustness — 5× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Accuracy — 4× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Low-Resource Languages — 4× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Ablation — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Agentic AI — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmarking — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Failure Modes — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 3× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Generalization — 3× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Provenance — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Action Views — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Aggregation — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Alignment — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Cross-lingual Transfer — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Instruction Tuning — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Procedural Knowledge — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Verification — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Ablation study — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Adaptability — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Adaptation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Calibration — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Distillation — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Embeddings — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Grounding — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Hallucination — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• LLM judge — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Large Language Model (LLM) — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Synthetic Data Generation — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Tokenization — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Verifiability — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• mMARCO: A Multilingual Version of the MS MARCO Passage Ranking Dataset
• Massively Multi-Cultural Knowledge Acquisition & LM Benchmarking
• Do Large Language Models Truly Understand Cross-cultural Differences?
• SkillFlow: Scalable and Efficient Agent Skill Retrieval System
• SkillsBench: Benchmarking How Well Agent Skills Work Across Diverse Tasks
• CulturALL: Benchmarking Multilingual and Multicultural Competence of LLMs on Grounded Tasks
• MADE: Beyond Scoring via a Multilingual Agentic Diagnosing Engine for Fine-Grained Evaluation Insights
• Beyond Monolingual Deep Research: Evaluating Agents and Retrievers with Cross-Lingual BrowseComp-Plus
• SkillGen: Verified Inference-Time Agent Skill Synthesis
• SkillX: Automatically Constructing Skill Knowledge Bases for Agents
• Agent Skills for Large Language Models: Architecture, Acquisition, Security, and the Path Forward
• CoEvoSkills: Self-Evolving Agent Skills via Co-Evolutionary Verification
• CultureScope: A Dimensional Lens for Probing Cultural Understanding in LLMs
• A Comprehensive Survey on Agent Skills: Taxonomy, Techniques, and Applications

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