From Foundation Embeddings to Cropland Maps: Label Efficiency, Temporal Transferability and Independent Human Validation

arXiv:2609.17138 · cs.CV, cs.LG, eess.IV · Submitted 2026-09-15 · Read on arXiv

cs.CV, cs.LG, eess.IV

Submitted: 2026-09-15

Updated: 2026-09-15

Comments: 23 pages, 10 figures. Code: https://github.com/Black-Lights/alphaearth-cropland-maine

Code: https://github.com/Black-Lights/alphaearth-cropland-maine

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

Accuracy — 88× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
Embeddings — 69× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
Foundation Model — 24× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
Foundation Models — 12× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
Fine-Tuning — 11× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
USDA Cropland Data Layer — 6× in this paper
Transferability — 5× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
Downstream Tasks — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
Sample Efficiency — 3× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
Alignment — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
Benchmark — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
Benchmarking — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
Interpretability — 2× in this paper · explained in 15 episodes
Calibration — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
Clustering — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
Consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
Cosine Similarity — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
Distribution Shift — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
F1 Score — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
Feature Selection — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
Robustness — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes

Sources

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