The record is part of the task: matched-record evaluation of text classifiers across maintenance, safety and recall reporting
cs.LG, cs.CL
Submitted: 2026-09-14
Updated: 2026-09-14
Comments: 37 pages (18-page article, 3 tables, 7 figures, plus a 19-page supplement with tables and figures numbered S1 onward)
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The gist: Many operational cases are documented more than once, at different workflow stages and for different purposes, yet model evaluations normally select one of these records before model comparison
Terminology
Abstract
Many operational cases are documented more than once, at different workflow stages and for different purposes, yet model evaluations normally select one of these records before model comparison begins. We treat that selection as part of the evaluation and compare matched records of the same cases under fixed labels and splits in three systems: GE Aerospace repair events, NASA ASRS safety reports and NHTSA vehicle recalls. Across the three GE fields, for events whose label comes from parts transactions independently of the narratives, held-out macro-F1 ranged from 0.33 to 0.91. A difference of 0.46 separated the customer report, written before shop work, from the technician report, written after diagnosis but before the transaction that generates the label. That difference is substantially larger than the representation and architecture differences tested on the same events. The public systems showed different patterns: the NHTSA defect summary remained strongest under every model family tested, whereas the ASRS analyst synopsis outperformed the reporter narrative under learned sequence models but not under lexical baselines. Secondary analyses showed that some model comparisons were also record-dependent. Evaluations should be run on the information available at the intended decision point and should report how both the record and the label were produced.
Sources
- Measuring what Matters: Construct Validity in Large Language Model Benchmarks
- Applications of natural language processing in aviation safety: A review and qualitative analysis
- Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space
- RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach
- Empirical Evaluation of Gated Recurrent Neural Networks on Sequence Modeling
Related papers
- Polynomial-Augmented Neural Networks (PANNs) with Weak Orthogonality Constraints for Enhanced Function and PDE Approximation
- AIRL-S: Unifying Reinforcement Learning and Search-Based Test-Time Scaling via Adversarial Inverse Reinforcement Learning
- Transformers as Bayesian In-Context Experimenters: Smoothness-Adaptive Efficient ATE Estimation
- Convergence issues in Relational Concept Analysis based on AOC-posets
- Beliefs Beyond Posteriors: Local-Consistency Optimisation for Bayesian Neural Networks
- Understanding Diffusion Models via Ratio-Based Function Approximation with SignReLU Networks