Stellar Colosseum: A Many-Agent Harness for Long-Horizon Research in Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science

arXiv:2609.15983 · cs.AI, cs.CL, cs.LG · Submitted 2026-09-14 · Read on arXiv

cs.AI, cs.CL, cs.LG

Submitted: 2026-09-14

Updated: 2026-09-15

Code: https://github.com/no-way-labs/residue

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Verifier — 31× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Aggregation — 27× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Verification — 21× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Benchmark — 9× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Accuracy — 8× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Embeddings — 6× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Model-Agnostic — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Quantization — 4× in this paper · explained in 12 episodes
• Agent Harness — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Core — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Point Clouds — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Sparsity — 3× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Adam — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Benchmarking — 2× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Consistency — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Iterative Refinement — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning — 2× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• AI Agents — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• AUC — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Agentic AI — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Agentic System — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Calibration — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Credit assignment — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Formal Verification — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Generative AI — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Scaling Laws — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Self-consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Steering — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• Remarks on the disproof of the unit distance conjecture
• QED: An Open-Source Multi-Agent System for Generating Mathematical Proofs on Open Problems
• Harnessing the Collective Intelligence of AI Agents in the Wild for New Discoveries
• A Matrix Factorization Approach in Turnstile Streaming
• MechMath Agent Team: LLM Driven Agents for Mathematical Research
• Autonomous Mathematical Discovery in an Open-World Multi-Agent Environment
• TCS-BENCH: Benchmarking State-of-the-Art Generative AI Theoretical Computer Science Research Ability
• Escaping the Cognitive Well: Efficient Competition Math with Off-the-Shelf Models
• Competitive Programming with Large Reasoning Models
• Aletheia tackles FirstProof autonomously
• Towards Autonomous Mathematics Research
• Provable Quantization with Randomized Hadamard Transform
• Counterexamples to the Jacobian conjecture in dimensions greater than two
• Mathematical exploration and discovery at scale
• Albilich: Steerable Proof-State Orchestration for LLM-Based Mathematical Research with CAS Integration
• Multi-Vector Embeddings are Provably More Expressive than Single Vector Embeddings
• Near-Optimal Dimension Lower Bounds for Single-Vector Embeddings of Maximum Inner Product Similarity
• Towards Automating Scientific Review with Google's Paper Assistant Tool
• Automated Conjecture Resolution with Formal Verification
• Solvita: Enhancing Large Language Models for Competitive Programming via Agentic Evolution

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