Biomedical Reference Generation Remains Unreliable across 26 Large Language Models

arXiv:2609.14988 · cs.CL · Submitted 2026-09-14 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL

Submitted: 2026-09-14

Updated: 2026-09-14

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Accuracy — 10× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Verification — 8× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Hallucination — 6× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Verifiability — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Abstention — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Clustering — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Grounding — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes

Sources

• Most biomedical publications show signs of LLM-assisted writing

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