Cross-Lingual Representation Alignment by Token-Level Optimal Transport in a Language-Agnostic Space

arXiv:2609.06381 · cs.CL · Submitted 2026-09-06 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL

Submitted: 2026-09-06

Updated: 2026-09-06

Comments: Accepted to EMNLP 2026 main

Code: https://github.com/ynklab/CAROT

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Alignment — 6× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Optimal Transport — 3× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Accuracy — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Cross-lingual Transfer — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Inference-Time Steering — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Steering — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

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